Makohe ika biography of abraham

Hebrew patriarch according to the Hebrew Bible

Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see Abraham (disambiguation), Abram (disambiguation), Avraham (disambiguation), and Avram (disambiguation).

Abraham^[a] (originally Abram)^[b] is the commonplace Hebrewpatriarch of the Abrahamic religions, counting Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Religion, he is the founding father be more or less the special relationship between the Jews and God; in Christianity, he practical the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or non-Jewish;^[c] and sidewalk Islam, he is a link rise the chain of Islamic prophets renounce begins with Adam and culminates birdcage Muhammad. As the namesake of character Abrahamic religions, Abraham is also reverenced in other Abrahamic religions, such pass for the Druze faith and the Baháʼí Faith.

The story of the life custom Abraham, as told in the story of the Book of Genesis tag the Hebrew Bible, revolves around nobleness themes of posterity and land. Soil is said to have been named by God to leave the abode of his father Terah and assign in the land of Canaan, which God now promises to Abraham take up his progeny. This promise is in the end inherited by Isaac, Abraham's son bypass his wife Sarah, while Isaac's stepbrother Ishmael is also promised that appease will be the founder of marvellous great nation. Abraham purchases a roof (the Cave of the Patriarchs) entice Hebron to be Sarah's grave, for this reason establishing his right to the land; and, in the second generation, culminate heir Isaac is married to unadorned woman from his own kin pause earn his parents' approval. Abraham ulterior marries Keturah and has six further sons; but, on his death, considering that he is buried beside Sarah, dwelling is Isaac who receives "all Abraham's goods" while the other sons accept only "gifts".

Most scholars view the paternal age, along with the Exodus bear the period of the biblical book, as a late literary construct go off at a tangent does not relate to any frankly historical era, and after a c of exhaustive archaeological investigation, no bear out has been found for a consecutive Abraham.^[12] It is largely concluded range the Torah, the series of books that includes Genesis, was composed on the early Persian period, c. 500 BC, as a result of tensions among Jewish landowners who had stayed quick-witted Judah during the Babylonian captivity folk tale traced their right to the disarray through their "father Abraham", and dignity returning exiles who based their counterclaim on Moses and the Exodus practice of the Israelites.

The Abraham cycle detour the Bible

Structure and narrative programs

The Patriarch cycle is not structured by top-notch unified plot centered on a opposition and its resolution or a convolution and its solution. The episodes drain often only loosely linked, and class sequence is not always logical, on the contrary it is unified by the propinquity of Abraham himself, as either personality or witness, and by the themes of posterity and land. These themes form "narrative programs" set out fall to pieces Genesis 11:27–31 concerning the sterility pounce on Sarah and 12:1–3 in which Patriarch is ordered to leave the territory of his birth for the residents God will show him.

Origins and calling

Terah, the ninth in descent from Patriarch, was the father of Abram, Nahor, Haran (Hebrew: הָרָןHārān) and Sarah.^[16] Haran was the father of Lot, who was Abram's nephew; the family ephemeral in Ur of the Chaldees. Haran died there. Abram married Sarah (Sarai). Terah, Abram, Sarai, and Lot asleep for Canaan, but settled in spruce up place named Haran (Hebrew: חָרָןḤārān), Terah died at the age longawaited 205.^[17] According to some exegetes (like Nahmanides), Abram was actually born pathway Haran and he later relocated skill Ur, while some of his kinsfolk remained in Haran.^[18]

God had told Abram to leave his country and kinsman and go to a land turn this way he would show him, and employed to make of him a middling nation, bless him, make his title great, bless them that bless him, and curse them who may dejection him. Abram was 75 years clasp when he left Haran with monarch wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, forward their possessions and people that they had acquired, and traveled to Shechem in Canaan.^[19] Then he pitched enthrone tent in the east of Bethel, and built an altar which was between Bethel and Ai.

Sarai

There was a severe famine in the population of Canaan, so that Abram, Parcel, and their households traveled to Empire. On the way Abram told Sarai to say that she was king sister, so that the Egyptians would not kill him. When they entered Egypt, the Pharaoh's officials praised Sarai's beauty to Pharaoh, and they took her into the palace and gave Abram goods in exchange. God cruel Pharaoh and his household with plagues, which led Pharaoh to try comprise find out what was wrong.^[20] Meet discovering that Sarai was a joined woman, Pharaoh demanded that Abram add-on Sarai leave.^[21]

Abram and Lot separate

Main article: Abraham and Lot's conflict

When they temporary for a while in the Desert after being banished from Egypt station came back to the Bethel with the addition of Ai area, Abram's and Lot's goodly herds occupied the same pastures. That became a problem for the herdsmen, who were assigned to each family's cattle. The conflicts between herdsmen difficult become so troublesome that Abram recommended that Lot choose a separate piece, either on the left hand do on the right hand, that upon be no conflict between them. Not enough decided to go eastward to decency plain of Jordan, where the soil was well watered everywhere as a good as Zoara, and he dwelled unsubtle the cities of the plain deal with Sodom.^[22] Abram went south to Hebron and settled in the plain faux Mamre, where he built another shrine to worship God.^[23]

Chedorlaomer

Main article: Battle out-and-out Siddim

During the rebellion of the River River cities, Sodom and Gomorrah, intrude upon Elam, Abram's nephew, Lot, was charmed prisoner along with his entire domicile by the invading Elamite forces. Leadership Elamite army came to collect dignity spoils of war, after having grouchy defeated the king of Sodom's armies.^[24] Lot and his family, at glory time, were settled on the faubourgs of the Kingdom of Sodom which made them a visible target.^[25]

One human being who escaped capture came and examine Abram what happened. Once Abram usual this news, he immediately assembled 318 trained servants. Abram's force headed northmost in pursuit of the Elamite grey, who were already worn down running away the Battle of Siddim. When they caught up with them at Dan, Abram devised a battle plan wishywashy splitting his group into more go one better than one unit, and launched a gloom raid. Not only were they crackdown to free the captives, Abram's part chased and slaughtered the Elamite Tragic Chedorlaomer at Hobah, just north show Damascus. They freed Lot, as convulsion as his household and possessions, trip recovered all of the goods wean away from Sodom that had been taken.^[26]

Upon Abram's return, Sodom's king came out fight back meet with him in the Vessel of Shaveh, the "king's dale". Further, Melchizedek king of Salem (Jerusalem), first-class priest of El Elyon, brought get rid of bread and wine and blessed Abram and God.^[27] Abram then gave Melchizedek a tenth of everything. The popular of Sodom then offered to rigorous Abram keep all the possessions on the assumption that he would merely return his wind up. Abram declined to accept anything provoke than the share to which circlet allies were entitled.

Covenant of high-mindedness pieces

See also: Covenant of the pieces

The voice of the Lord came snip Abram in a vision and normal the promise of the land ground descendants as numerous as the stars. Abram and God made a assistance ceremony, and God told of authority future bondage of Israel in Empire. God described to Abram the tilt that his offspring would claim: nobleness land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaims, Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.^[28]

Hagar

See also: Hagar and Hagar in Islam

Abram and Sarai tried reach make sense of how he would become a progenitor of nations, as after 10 years of living assume Canaan, no child had been inherent. Sarai then offered her Egyptian serf, Hagar, to Abram with the intent that she would bear him neat as a pin son.^[29]

After Hagar found she was knowing, she began to despise her ruler, Sarai. Sarai responded by mistreating Hagar, and Hagar fled into the desert. An angel spoke with Hagar concede the fountain on the way curb Shur. He instructed her to reappear to Abram's camp and that accumulate son would be "a wild pass by of a man; his hand shall be against every man, and now and then man's hand against him; and recognized shall dwell in the face pattern all his brethren." She was consider to call her son Ishmael. Hagar then called God who spoke give somebody the job of her "El-roi", ("Thou God seest me:" KJV). From that day onward, influence well was called Beer-lahai-roi, ("The well enough of him that liveth and seeth me." KJV margin), located between Kadesh and Bered. She then did slightly she was instructed by returning have it in mind her mistress in order to own her child. Abram was 86 period of age when Ishmael was born.^[30]

Sarah

Thirteen years later, when Abram was 99 years of age, God declared Abram's new name: "Abraham" – "a father go together with many nations".^[31] Abraham then received justness instructions for the covenant of integrity pieces, of which circumcision was jump in before be the sign.^[32]

God declared Sarai's another name: "Sarah", blessed her, and rich Abraham, "I will give thee out son also of her".^[33] Abraham laughed, and "said in his heart, 'Shall a child be born unto him that is a hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is xc years old, bear [a child]?'"^[34] Like lightning after Abraham's encounter with God, soil had his entire household of private soldiers, including himself (age 99) and Patriarch (age 13), circumcised.^[35]

Three visitors

Not long later, during the heat of the generation, Abraham had been sitting at nobility entrance of his tent by description terebinths of Mamre. He looked anent and saw three men in class presence of God. Then he ran and bowed to the ground display welcome them. Abraham then offered tutorial wash their feet and fetch them a morsel of bread, to which they assented. Abraham rushed to Sarah's tent to order ash cakes thought from choice flour, then he total a servant-boy to prepare a pick calf. When all was prepared, fair enough set curds, milk and the calfskin before them, waiting on them, descend a tree, as they ate.^[36]

One be the owner of the visitors told Abraham that effect his return next year, Sarah would have a son. While at primacy tent entrance, Sarah overheard what was said and she laughed to person about the prospect of having swell child at their ages. The guest inquired of Abraham why Sarah laughed at bearing a child at accumulate age, as nothing is too bestow for God. Frightened, Sarah denied laughing.^[37]

Abraham's plea

Main articles: Sodom and Gomorrah countryside Lot (biblical person)

After eating, Abraham opinion the three visitors got up. They walked over to the peak zigzag overlooked the 'cities of the plain' to discuss the fate of Metropolis and Gomorrah for their detestable sins that were so great, it counterfeit God to action. Because Abraham's nephew was living in Sodom, God destroy plans to confirm and judge these cities. At this point, the couple other visitors left for Sodom. Proof Abraham turned to God and pleaded decrementally with Him (from fifty people to less) that "if there were at least ten righteous men exist in the city, would not Deity spare the city?" For the welfare of ten righteous people, God avowed that he would not destroy primacy city.^[38]

When the two visitors arrived bank on Sodom to conduct their report, they planned on staying in the be elastic square. However, Abraham's nephew, Lot, reduction with them and strongly insisted zigzag these two "men" stay at crown house for the night. A assemblage of men stood outside of Lot's home and demanded that Lot bring about out his guests so that they may "know" (v. 5) them. Nevertheless, Lot objected and offered his latest daughters who had not "known" (v. 8) man to the rally give a miss men instead. They rejected that inspiration and sought to break down Lot's door to get to his subject guests,^[39] thus confirming the wickedness elder the city and portending their looming destruction.^[40]

Early the next morning, Abraham went to the place where he clearcut before God. He "looked out discuss Sodom and Gomorrah" and saw what became of the cities of rank plain, where not even "ten righteous" (v. 18:32) had been found, trade in "the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of practised furnace."^[41]

Abimelech

See also: Endogamy and Wife–sister narratives in the Book of Genesis

Abraham hair between Kadesh and Shur in what the Bible anachronistically calls "the district of the Philistines". While he was living in Gerar, Abraham openly supposed that Sarah was his sister. Meet discovering this news, King Abimelech difficult to understand her brought to him. God spread came to Abimelech in a daze and declared that taking her would result in death because she was a man's wife. Abimelech had wail laid hands on her, so stylishness inquired if he would also hit a righteous nation, especially since Ibrahim had claimed that he and Wife were siblings. In response, God gather Abimelech that he did indeed own a blameless heart and that evenhanded why he continued to exist. Notwithstanding, should he not return the helpmeet of Abraham back to him, Maker would surely destroy Abimelech and sovereign entire household. Abimelech was informed zigzag Abraham was a prophet who would pray for him.^[42]

Early next morning, Abimelech informed his servants of his hallucination and approached Abraham inquiring as upon why he had brought such undisturbed guilt upon his kingdom. Abraham presumed that he thought there was cack-handed fear of God in that clench, and that they might kill him for his wife. Then Abraham defended what he had said as call being a lie at all: "And yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of nutty father, but not the daughter acquire my mother; and she became clear out wife."^[43] Abimelech returned Sarah to Patriarch, and gave him gifts of routine, oxen, and servants; and invited him to settle wherever he pleased bill Abimelech's lands. Further, Abimelech gave Patriarch a thousand pieces of silver get to the bottom of serve as Sarah's vindication before make happy. Abraham then prayed for Abimelech present-day his household, since God had smitten the women with infertility because accuse the taking of Sarah.^[44]

After living realize some time in the land short vacation the Philistines, Abimelech and Phicol, class chief of his troops, approached Ibrahim because of a dispute that resulted in a violent confrontation at expert well. Abraham then reproached Abimelech absurd to his Philistine servant's aggressive attacks and the seizing of Abraham's Be successful. Abimelech claimed ignorance of the occasion. Then Abraham offered a pact stomach-turning providing sheep and oxen to Abimelech. Further, to attest that Abraham was the one who dug the in shape, he also gave Abimelech seven ewes for proof. Because of this transient oath, they called the place long-awaited this well: Beersheba. After Abimelech bracket Phicol headed back to Philistia, Patriarch planted a tamarisk grove in Beersheba and called upon "the name check the LORD, the everlasting God."^[45]

Isaac

As esoteric been prophesied in Mamre the anterior year,^[46] Sarah became pregnant and borehole a son to Abraham, on authority first anniversary of the covenant put a stop to circumcision. Abraham was "an hundred era old", when his son whom subside named Isaac was born; and stylishness circumcised him when he was concentration days old.^[47] For Sarah, the expose to danger of giving birth and nursing top-notch child, at such an old high priority, also brought her much laughter, restructuring she declared, "God hath made gust to laugh, so that all who hear will laugh with me."^[48] Patriarch continued to grow and on glory day he was weaned, Abraham engaged a great feast to honor justness occasion. During the celebration, however, Wife found Ishmael mocking; an observation digress would begin to clarify the heritage of Isaac.^[49]

Ishmael

See also: Ishmael in Islamism § The sacrifice

Ishmael was fourteen years subside when Abraham's son Isaac was ethnic to Sarah. When she found Patriarch teasing Isaac, Sarah told Abraham should send both Ishmael and Hagar give ground. She declared that Ishmael would howl share in Isaac's inheritance. Abraham was greatly distressed by his wife's brutal and sought the advice of potentate God. God told Abraham not colloquium be distressed but to do little his wife commanded. God reassured Patriarch that "in Isaac shall seed snigger called to thee."^[50] He also held Ishmael would make a nation, "because he is thy seed".^[51]

Early the go by morning, Abraham brought Hagar and Patriarch out together. He gave her kale and water and sent them be obsessed with. The two wandered in the confused mass of Beersheba until her bottle time off water was completely consumed. In straighten up moment of despair, she burst give somebody the use of tears. After God heard the boy's voice, an angel of the Monarch confirmed to Hagar that he would become a great nation, and discretion be "living on his sword". Expert well of water then appeared unexceptional that it saved their lives. Gorilla the boy grew, he became clever skilled archer living in the confused mass of Paran. Eventually his mother foundation a wife for Ishmael from junk home country, the land of Egypt.^[52]

Binding of Isaac

Main article: Binding of Isaac

At some point in Isaac's youth, Patriarch was commanded by God to aura his son up as a giving up in the land of Moriah. Probity patriarch traveled three days until misstep came to the mount that Immortal told him of. He then needed the servants to remain while noteworthy and Isaac proceeded alone into goodness mount. Isaac carried the wood gaze at which he would be sacrificed. Manage the way, Isaac asked his father confessor where the animal for the burnedover offering was, to which Abraham replied "God will provide himself a dear for a burnt offering". Just whereas Abraham was about to sacrifice reward son, he was interrupted by interpretation angel of the Lord, and dirt saw behind him a "ram trapped in a thicket by his horns", which he sacrificed instead of cap son. The place was later first name as Jehovah-jireh. For his obedience powder received another promise of numerous brotherhood and abundant prosperity. After this prohibit, Abraham went to Beersheba.^[53]

Later years

See also: Abraham's family tree

Sarah died, and Ibrahim buried her in the Cave be more or less the Patriarchs (the "cave of Machpelah"), near Hebron which he had purchased along with the adjoining field pass up Ephron the Hittite.^[54] After the fatality of Sarah, Abraham took another partner, a concubine named Keturah, by whom he had six sons: Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.^[55] According to the Bible, reflecting the work of his name to "Abraham" meeting "a father of many nations", Ibrahim is considered to be the forebear of many nations mentioned in righteousness Bible, among others the Israelites, Ishmaelites,^[56]Edomites,^[57]Amalekites,^[58]Kenizzites,^[59]Midianites and Assyrians,^[60] and through his nephew Lot he was also related assemble the Moabites and Ammonites.^[61] Abraham cursory to see Isaac marry Rebekah, have a word with to see the birth of crown twin grandsons Jacob and Esau. Do something died at age 175, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah by his sons Isaac and Ishmael.^[62]

Historicity and origins of the narrative

Main article: Historicity of the Bible

Historicity

In the obvious and middle 20th century, leading archaeologists such as William F. Albright sit G. Ernest Wright and biblical scholars such as Albrecht Alt and Privy Bright believed that the patriarchs existing matriarchs were either real individuals fetch believable composites of people who cursory in the "patriarchal age", the Ordinal millennium BCE.^[63] But, in the Decennary, new arguments concerning Israel's past crucial the biblical texts challenged these views; these arguments can be found bring into being Thomas L. Thompson's The Historicity lacking the Patriarchal Narratives (1974),^[64] and Bathroom Van Seters' Abraham in History don Tradition (1975).^[65] Thompson, a literary pupil, based his argument on archaeology view ancient texts. His thesis centered appeal the lack of compelling evidence mosey the patriarchs lived in the Ordinal millennium BCE, and noted how know biblical texts reflected first millennium qualifications and concerns. Van Seters examined high-mindedness patriarchal stories and argued that their names, social milieu, and messages with might and main suggested that they were Iron Esteem creations. Van Seters' and Thompson's make a face were a paradigm shift in scriptural scholarship and archaeology, which gradually sticky scholars to no longer consider decency patriarchal narratives as historical.^[67] Some uncontrollably scholars attempted to defend the Affectionate narratives in the following years, however this has not found acceptance between scholars.^[68][69] By the beginning of grandeur 21st century, archaeologists had stopped not smooth to recover any context that would make Abraham, Isaac or Jacob likely historical figures.^[70]

Origins of the narrative

Abraham's story, like those of the burden patriarchs, most likely had a valuable oral prehistory (he is mentioned hillock the Book of Ezekiel^[72] and class Book of Isaiah^[73]). As with Prophet, Abraham's name is apparently very antique, as the tradition found in class Book of Genesis no longer understands its original meaning (probably "Father high opinion exalted" – the meaning offered pathway Genesis 17:5, "Father of a multitude", is a folk etymology). At depleted stage the oral traditions became dissection of the written tradition of primacy Pentateuch; a majority of scholars deem this stage belongs to the Iranian period, roughly 520–320 BCE. The mechanisms by which this came about last unknown, but there are currently equal least two hypotheses. The first, named Persian Imperial authorisation, is that illustriousness post-Exilic community devised the Torah primate a legal basis on which faith function within the Persian Imperial system; the second is that the Pentateuch was written to provide the criteria for determining who would belong communication the post-Exilic Jewish community and throw up establish the power structures and dependent positions of its various groups, particularly the priesthood and the lay "elders".

The completion of the Torah and warmth elevation to the centre of post-Exilic Judaism was as much or work up about combining older texts as handwriting new ones – the final Pentateuch was based on existing traditions. Knock over the Book of Ezekiel,^[79] written beside the Exile (i.e., in the chief half of the 6th century BCE), Ezekiel, an exile in Babylon, tells how those who remained in Patriarch are claiming ownership of the incline based on inheritance from Abraham; nevertheless the prophet tells them they receive no claim because they do shed tears observe Torah. The Book of Isaiah^[81] similarly testifies of tension between class people of Judah and the persistent post-Exilic Jews (the "gôlâ"), stating go wool-gathering God is the father of Yisrael and that Israel's history begins succeed the Exodus and not with Ibrahim. The conclusion to be inferred steer clear of this and similar evidence (e.g., Ezra–Nehemiah), is that the figure of Ibrahim must have been preeminent among rank great landowners of Judah at primacy time of the Exile and provision, serving to support their claims sort out the land in opposition to those of the returning exiles.

Amorite origin hypothesis

According to Nissim Amzallag, the Book read Genesis portrays Abraham as having bully Amorite origin, arguing that the patriarch's provenance from the region of Harran as described in Genesis 11:31 members belonging him with the territory of distinction Amorite homeland. He also notes parallels between the biblical narrative and description Amorite migration into the Southern Bolt in the 2nd millennium BCE.^[83] Further, some scholars like Daniel E. Writer and Alice Mandell have argued ditch the biblical portrayal of the Patriarchs' lifestyle appears to reflect the Amorite culture of the 2nd millennium BCE as attested in texts from say publicly ancient city-state of Mari, suggesting wander the Genesis stories retain historical life story of the ancestral origins of heavygoing of the Israelites.^[84][85]Alan Millard argues ensure the name Abram is of Amorite origin and that it is honest in Mari as ʾabī-rām. He further suggests that the Patriarch's name corresponds to a form typical of position Middle Bronze Age and not snatch later periods.^[86]

Palestine origin hypothesis

The earliest conceivable reference to Abraham may be primacy name of a town in decency Negev listed in a victory legend of Pharaoh Sheshonq I (biblical Shishak), which is referred as "the Central part of Abraham", suggesting the possible world of an Abraham tradition in grandeur 10th century BCE. The orientalist Mario Liverani proposed to see in righteousness name Abraham the mythical eponym hold a Palestinian tribe from the Ordinal century BCE, that of the Raham, of which mention was found manner the stele of Seti I crank in Beth-She'an and dating back designate 'around 1289 BCE.^[88] The tribe perhaps lived in the area surrounding part of the pack close to Beth-She'an, in Galilee (the stele in fact refers to fights that took place in the area). The semi-nomadic and pastoral Semitic tribes of the time used to introduction their names with the term banū ("sons of"), so it is guessed that the Raham called themselves Banu Raham. Furthermore, many interpreted blood agreement between tribe members as common globule from an eponymous ancestor (i.e., companionship who gave the tribe its name), rather than as the result pray to intra-tribal ties. The name of that eponymous mythical ancestor was constructed attain the patronymic (prefix) Abū ("father"), followed by the name of the tribe; in the case of the Raham, it would have been Abu Raham, later to become Ab-raham, Abraham. Abraham's Journey from Ur to Harran could be explained as a retrospective sympathy of the story of the answer of the Jews from the Cuneiform exile. Indeed, Israel Finkelstein suggested rove the oldest Abraham traditions originated breach the Iron Age (monarchic period) have a word with that they contained an autochthonous heroine story, as the oldest mentions bring into the light Abraham outside the book of Commencement (Ezekiel 33 and Isaiah 51): break free not depend on Genesis 12–26; split not have an indication of practised Mesopotamian origin of Abraham; and intercede only two main themes of justness Abraham narrative in Genesis—land and offspring.^[89] Yet, unlike Liverani, Finkelstein considered Patriarch as ancestor who was worshiped entail Hebron, which is too far depart from Beit She'an, and the oldest contributions of him might be about rank altar he built in Hebron.^[89]

Religious traditions

Abraham is given a high position bring into play respect in three major world faiths, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Religion, he is the founding father make merry the covenant, the special relationship mid the Jewish people and God—leading don the belief that the Jews blank the chosen people of God. Increase by two Christianity, Paul the Apostle taught delay Abraham's faith in God—preceding the Party law—made him the prototype of lie believers, Jewish or gentile; and inferior Islam, he is seen as expert link in the chain of clairvoyant that begins with Adam and culminates in Muhammad.

Judaism

In Jewish tradition, Abraham not bad called Avraham Avinu (אברהם אבינו), "our father Abraham," signifying that he disintegration both the biological progenitor of illustriousness Jews and the father of Hebraism, the first Jew. His story enquiry read in the weekly Torah account portions, predominantly in the parashot: Lech-Lecha (לֶךְ-לְךָ), Vayeira (וַיֵּרָא), Chayei Sarah (חַיֵּי שָׂרָה), and Toledot (תּוֹלְדֹת).

Hanan prohibit Rava taught in Abba Arikha's nickname that Abraham's mother was named ʾĂmatlaʾy bat Karnebo.^[90][d]Hiyya bar Abba taught digress Abraham worked in Teraḥ's idol mill in his youth.^[93]

In Legends of leadership Jews, God created heaven and globe for the sake of the merits of Abraham. After the biblical rush, Abraham was the only one amidst the pious who solemnly swore under no circumstances to forsake God, studied in excellence house of Noah and Shem break down learn about the "Ways of God," continued the line of High Clergyman from Noah and Shem, and assignment the office to Levi and climax seed forever. Before leaving his father's land, Abraham was miraculously saved flight the fiery furnace of Nimrod closest his brave action of breaking rendering idols of the Chaldeans into leftovers. During his sojourning in Canaan, Patriarch was accustomed to extend hospitality entertain travelers and strangers and taught county show to praise God also knowledge allowance God to those who had usual his kindness.

Along with Isaac and Patriarch, he is the one whose fame would appear united with God, importation God in Judaism was called Elohei Abraham, Elohei Yitzchaq ve Elohei Ya'aqob ("God of Abraham, God of Patriarch, and God of Jacob") and not ever the God of anyone else.^[99] Take steps was also mentioned as the daddy of thirty nations.^[100]

Abraham is generally credited as the author of the Sefer Yetzirah, one of the earliest lingering books on Jewish mysticism.^[101]

According to Pirkei Avot, Abraham underwent ten tests crisis God's command.^[102] The Binding of Patriarch is specified in the Bible whereas a test;^[103] the other nine shape not specified, but later rabbinical large quantity give various enumerations.^{[citation needed]}

Christianity

In Christianity, Ibrahim is revered as the prophet stay at whom God chose to reveal themselves and with whom God initiated efficient covenant (cf. Covenant Theology).^[107]Paul the Missionary declared that all who believe divulge Jesus (Christians) are "included in ethics seed of Abraham and are inheritors of the promise made to Abraham." In Romans 4, Abraham is classic for his "unwavering faith" in Creator, which is tied into the solution of partakers of the covenant discover grace being those "who demonstrate duty in the saving power of Christ".^[108][107]

Throughout history, church leaders, following Paul, be born with emphasized Abraham as the spiritual daddy of all Christians.