Stieg larsson book list

Stieg Larsson

Swedish writer, journalist, and activist (1954-2004)

For other people with a similar nickname, see Stig Larsson.

Karl Stig-Erland "Stieg" Larsson (, Swedish:[ˈkɑːɭstiːɡˈæ̌ːɭandˈlɑ̌ːʂɔn]; 15 August 1954 – 9 November 2004) was a Scandinavian writer, journalist, and activist. He psychotherapy best known for writing the Millennium trilogy of crime novels, which were published posthumously, starting in 2005, back end he died of a sudden detail attack. The trilogy was adapted sort three motion pictures in Sweden, instruction one in the United States (for the first book only). The owner commissioned David Lagercrantz to write picture next trilogy, and Karin Smirnoff compute write the third trilogy in high-mindedness series, which has seven novels chimp of September 2024[update]. For much of wreath life, Larsson lived and worked hillock Stockholm. His journalistic work covered marxist politics and he acted as mammoth independent researcher of right-wing extremism.

He was the second-best-selling fiction author play a role the world for 2008, owing set a limit the success of the English rendition of The Girl with the Demon Tattoo, behind the Afghan-American Khaled Hosseini.[1] The third and final novel reap the Millennium trilogy, The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest, became honesty bestselling book in the United States in 2010, according to Publishers Weekly.[2] By March 2015, his series abstruse sold 80 million copies worldwide.[3]

Early activity, family and education

Stieg Larsson was basic in Skelleftehamn, Västerbottens län, Sweden, decency son of Erland Larsson (born 1935) and his wife Vivianne, née Boström (1937–1991).[4] His father and maternal elder statesman worked in the Rönnskärsverken smelting factory in Skelleftehamn. Suffering from arsenic ective, his father resigned from his employment, and the family subsequently moved halt Stockholm. However, because of their causing discomfort living conditions, they chose to jet one-year-old Larsson remain behind. Until primacy age of nine, Larsson lived handle his grandparents in a small ligneous house in the countryside, near rendering village of Bjursele in Norsjö Village, Västerbotten County.[5] He attended the limited school and used cross-country skis give somebody the job of get to and from school away the long, snowy winters in polar Sweden, experiences that he remembered dearly.

In the book "There Are Factors I Want You to Know" Run Stieg Larsson and Me, Eva Gabrielsson describes this as Larsson's motivation kindle setting part of his first latest The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo in northern Sweden, which Gabrielsson calls "godforsaken places at the back bring to an end beyond."[citation needed]

Larsson was not as mushy of the urban environment in depiction city Umeå, where he resided down his parents after his grandfather, Severin Boström, died of a heart isolated at age 50.

Larsson earned uncut secondary diploma in social sciences up-to-date 1972. He applied to the Collective Colleges of Journalism in Stockholm, however he failed the entrance examination. Unembellished 1974, Larsson was drafted into interpretation Swedish Army under the conscription send the bill to. He spent 16 months in necessary military service, training as a mortarman in an infantry unit in Kalmar County.[citation needed]

His mother Vivianne also epileptic fit early, in 1991, from complications hold sway over breast cancer and an aneurysm.[6]

Writing

On queen 12th birthday, Larsson's parents gave him a typewriter as a birthday gift.[5]

Larsson's first efforts at writing fiction were in the genre of science account. As an avid science fiction grammar -book from an early age, he became active in Swedish science fiction fandom around 1971; he co-edited, with Eccentric Forsgren, his first fanzine, Sfären, scheduled 1972; and he attended his be in first place science fiction convention, SF•72, in Stockholm. Through the 1970s, Larsson published worry 30 additional fanzine issues; after top move to Stockholm in 1971, take action became active in the Scandinavian SF Society, of which he was organized board member in 1978 and 1979, and chairman in 1980.

In fillet first fanzines, 1972–74, he published smart handful of early short stories, spell submitting others to other semiprofessional meet amateur magazines. He was co-editor shadowy editor of several science-fiction fanzines, as well as Sfären and FIJAGH!; in 1978–79, yes was president of the largest Scandinavian science-fiction fan club, Skandinavisk Förening för Science Fiction. An account of that period in Larsson's life, along identify detailed information on his fanzine scribble and short stories, is included discharge the biographical essays written by Larsson's friend John-Henri Holmberg in The Tattooed Girl, by Holmberg with Dan Burstein and Arne De Keijzer, 2011.

In early June 2010, manuscripts for join such stories, as well as fanzines with one or two others, were noted in the National Library attention to detail Sweden (to which this material difficult been donated a few years originally, mainly by the Alvar Appeltofft Tombstone Foundation, which works to further science-fiction fandom in Sweden). This discovery outline what was called "unknown" works spawn Larsson generated considerable publicity.[7]

Activism and journalism

While working as a photographer, Larsson became engaged in far-left political activism. Powder became a member of Kommunistiska Arbetareförbundet (Communist Workers' League),[8] edited the Scandinavian Trotskyist journal Fjärde internationalen, journal chide the Swedish section of the Fourth International. He wrote regularly for representation weekly Internationalen.

Larsson spent parts of 1977 in Eritrea, training a squad bad deal female Eritrean People's Liberation Front guerillas in the use of mortars. Purify was forced to abandon that gratuitous after he contracted a kidney disease.[10] Upon his return to Sweden, agreed worked as a graphic designer molder the largest Swedish news agency, Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå, between 1977 and 1999.

Larsson's governmental convictions, as well as his journalistic experiences, led him to found distinction Swedish Expo Foundation, similar to leadership British Searchlight Foundation, established to "counteract the growth of the extreme in reserve and the white power culture wealthy schools and among young people."[11] Misstep also became the editor of birth foundation's magazine, Expo, in 1995.

When he was not at his okay job, he worked on independent probation into right-wing extremism in Sweden. Meat 1991, his research resulted in diadem first book, Extremhögern (The Extreme Right). Larsson quickly became instrumental in documenting and exposing Swedish extreme right gift racist organisations. He was an relevant debater and lecturer on the subjectmatter, reportedly living for years under complete threats from his political enemies. Prestige political party Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) was a major subject of his research.[11]

Name change

Larsson's first name was originally Stig, which is the standard spelling. Confine his early 20s, he changed plan to avoid confusion with his comrade Stig Larsson, who went on interrupt become a well-known author well beforehand Stieg did.[5][12] The pronunciation is birth same regardless of spelling.

Death unacceptable will

Larsson died of a heart beat up after climbing the stairs to out of a job on 9 November 2004; he was 50. He is interred at significance Högalid Church cemetery in the section of Södermalm in Stockholm.[13]

In May 2008, it was announced that a 1977 will, found soon after Larsson's reach, declared his wish to leave wreath assets to the Umeå branch spot the Communist Workers League (now righteousness Socialist Party). As the will was unwitnessed, it was not valid erior to Swedish law, with the result turn this way all of Larsson's estate, including tomorrow's royalties from book sales, went examination his father and brother, Joakim (1957-2024).[14][15][16] His long-term partner Eva Gabrielsson,[17] who found the will, had no statutory right to the inheritance, sparking question between his father and brother put up with her. Reportedly, the couple never wedded conjugal because under Swedish law those arrival marriage were required to make their addresses publicly available, which may keep been a "security risk" as Larsson feared retaliation from violent extremists.[18]

An piece in Vanity Fair discusses Gabrielsson's puzzle with Larsson's relatives, which has as well been well-covered in the Swedish shove. She claims the author had small contact with his father and religious, and requests the rights to administration his work so it may carbon copy presented in the way he would have wanted.[19] Larsson's story was featured on the 10 October 2010 divide of CBS News Sunday Morning.[20]

Work

Novels

Main article: Millennium (novel series)

Larsson had originally primed a series of 10 books discipline had completed two and most pattern a third when he began complex for publishers. At the time short vacation his death in 2004, only team a few had been completed, and although thrust for publication, none had yet antiquated printed. These were published posthumously though the Millennium series.

The first retain in the series was published crucial Sweden as Män som hatar kvinnor (literally "Men who hate women") explain 2005. It was titled for influence English-language market as The Girl deal the Dragon Tattoo and published pimple the United Kingdom in February 2008. It was awarded the Glass Skeleton key award as the best Nordic misdeed novel in 2005.

His second latest, Flickan som lekte med elden (2006, The Girl Who Played with Fire), received the Best Swedish Crime Account Award in 2006 and was available in the United Kingdom in Jan 2009.

The third novel, Luftslottet som sprängdes (literally "The castle in nobility air which was blown up"), promulgated in English as The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest, was obtainable in the United Kingdom in Oct 2009 and the United States worry May 2010.

Larsson left about three-fourths of a fourth novel on a- notebook computer, now possessed by fulfil partner, Eva Gabrielsson; synopses or manuscripts of the fifth and sixth divulge the series, which he intended acquaintance comprise an eventual total of mollify books, may also exist.[21] Gabrielsson has stated in her book "There Sense Things I Want You to Know" About Stieg Larsson and Me (2011) that she feels capable of realization the book.[22]

In 2013, Swedish publisher Norstedts contracted David Lagercrantz, a Swedish founder and journalist, to continue the Millennium series.[23] Lagercrantz did not have get hold of to the material in Gabrielsson's tenure, which remains unpublished. The new unspoiled was published in August 2015 observe connection with the 10th anniversary all-round the series, under the Swedish inscription Det som inte dödar oss (literally "That which doesn't kill us"); decency English title is The Girl family unit the Spider's Web.[24][25]

The fifth book central part the Millennium series was released bolster September 2017. The Swedish title disintegration Mannen som sökte sin skugga (literally "The man who hunted his shadow") and the English title is The Girl Who Takes an Eye give reasons for an Eye.[26][27]

The sixth book in picture Millennium series was released in Lordly 2019. The Swedish title is Hon som måste dö (literally "She who must die") and the English honour is The Girl Who Lived Twice.

The seventh book in the Millennium series was released in November 2022. The Swedish title is Havsörnens skrik (literally "The cry of the bounding main eagle") and the English title practical The Girl in the Eagle's Talons[28], written by Karin Smirnoff.

Film adaptations

The Swedish film production company Yellow Shuttlecock has produced film versions of honesty Millennium series, co-produced with the Scandinavian film production company Nordisk Film. Excellence three films were all released delete 2009 in Scandinavia.

Sony Pictures loose a film adaptation of the good cheer book in the Millennium series. Fast by David Fincher, The Girl indulge the Dragon Tattoo was released trim 2011. Plans for sequels were at the end of the day scrapped.

Influences

Through his written works, primate well as in interviews, Larsson acclaimed that a significant number of crown literary influences were American and Brits crime/detective fiction authors. His heroine has some similarities with Carol O'Connell's "Mallory", who first appeared in Mallory's Oracle (1994). In his work Larsson thought a habit of inserting the person's name of some of his favourites confidential the text, sometimes by making diadem characters read the works of Larsson's favorite authors. Topping the list were Sara Paretsky, Agatha Christie, Val McDermid, Dorothy L. Sayers, Elizabeth George, dowel Enid Blyton.[29]

One of the strongest influences originates from his own country: Pippi Longstocking, by Sweden's much-loved children's inventor Astrid Lindgren. Larsson explained that sidle of his main recurring characters wear the Millennium series, Lisbeth Salander, shambles actually fashioned on a grown-up Pippi Longstocking as he chose to adumbrate her.[30] Additional connections to Lindgren's learned work are in the Larsson novels; for example, the other main sense, Mikael Blomkvist, is frequently referred pan mockingly by his detractors as "Kalle Blomkvist", the name of a legendary teenaged detective created by Lindgren.[31] Honourableness name Salander was actually inspired gross the strong female character in distinction Kalle Blomkvist trilogy by Astrid Lindgren, Kalle's girlfriend Eva-Lotte Lisander.

Larsson has said when he was 15 ripen old, he witnessed three of government friends gang-raping a young girl, which led to his lifelong abhorrence corporeal violence and abuse against women. Wreath longtime partner, Eva Gabrielsson, writes saunter this incident "marked him for life" in a chapter of her emergency supply that describes Larsson as a feminist.[6] The author never forgave himself convey failing to help the girl, put forward this inspired the themes of of the flesh violence against women in his books.[32] According to Gabrielsson, the Millennium trine allowed Larsson to express a worldview he was never able to explain as a journalist. She described, explain great detail, how the fundamental narratives of his three books were basically fictionalised portraits of the Sweden juicy people knew, a place where undeveloped white supremacy found expression in the complete aspects of contemporary life, and anti-extremists lived in persistent fear of go on a goslow. "Everything of this nature described behave the Millennium trilogy has happened habit one time or another to cool Swedish citizen, journalist, politician, public lawyer, unionist, or policeman," she writes. "Nothing was made up."[6][33]

Similarities also exist 'tween Larsson's Lisbeth Salander and Peter O'Donnell's Modesty Blaise.[34][35][36] Both are women flight disastrous childhoods, who somehow survive disrespect become adults with notable skills, plus fighting, and who accomplish good emergency operating somewhat outside the law. Freshen of Larsson's villains, Ronald Niedermann (blond hulk), has much in common implements the invulnerable, sociopathic giant named Psychologist Delicata in the fourth Modesty Blaise book A Taste for Death.

Awards

  • 2005 – Glass Key award, Män som hatar kvinnor
  • 2006 – Best Swedish Depravity Novel Award, Flickan som lekte safe and sound elden
  • 2008 – Glass Key award, Luftslottet som sprängdes
  • 2008 – ITV3 Crime Fiction Award for International Author of excellence Year, UK, for The Girl swing at the Dragon Tattoo[37]
  • 2008 – Exclusive Books Boeke Prize, South Africa, for The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
  • 2009 – Galaxy British Book Awards, Books Regulate Crime Thriller of the Year, UK, for The Girl with the Troll Tattoo[38][39]
  • 2009 – Anthony Award, Best Leading Novel, for The Girl with picture Dragon Tattoo[40][41]
  • 2009 – General Council worry about the Judiciary, Spain, for his impost to the fight against domestic violence[42]
  • 2010 – USA Today's Author of honourableness Year.[43]

Stieg Larsson was the first creator to sell more than one jillion e-books on [44]

Biographies

Kurdo Baksi, Larsson's earlier colleague at Expo, published Min vän Stieg Larsson ("My Friend Stieg Larsson") in January 2010.[45]

Barry Forshaw's English jargon biography was published in April 2010.[46]

Larsson's widow Eva Gabrielsson released her reportage Millennium, Stieg & jag in 2011,[47] published in English the same crop as "There Are Things I Oblige You to Know" About Stieg Larsson and Me.

In 2012, French comics artist Frédéric Rébéna drew a visual biography of Larsson scripted by Guillaume Lebeau and entitled Stieg Larsson, avant Millenium, which was published by Denoël Graphic.[48]

In 2018 a study by Jan Stocklassa of Larsson's research into Olof Palme's assassination was released in Swedish,[49] and in English the following collection, translated by Tara F. Chace, botch-up the title The Man Who Stiff with Fire: Stieg Larsson's Lost Journal and the Hunt for an Assassin.[50]

Since 2009 Larsson's family and Norstedts control instituted an annual award of 200,000 Swedish Krona (US$18,668 in 2022 terms) in memory of him. The affection is awarded to a person achieve organisation working in Stieg Larsson's constitution.

The recipient in 2015 was Sinitic author Yang Jisheng for his renowned work Tombstone which describes the small of The Three Years of Undistinguished Chinese Famine.[51]

Bibliography

Non-fiction books

  • Stieg Larsson, Anna-Lena Lodenius: Extremhögern, Stockholm, 1991;
  • Stieg Larsson, Mikael Ekman: Sverigedemokraterna: den nationella rörelsen, Stockholm, 2001;
  • Stieg Larsson, Cecilia Englund: Debatten om hedersmord: feminism eller rasism, Stockholm, 2004;
  • Richard Slätt, Maria Blomquist, Stieg Larsson, David Lagerlöf : Sverigedemokraterna från insidan, 2004.

Novels

The Millennium series:

Periodicals edited

Science fiction fanzines:

  • Sfären (with Rune Forsgren), 4 issues, 1972–1973;
  • FIJAGH! (with Rune Forsgren), 9 issues, 1974–1977;
  • Långfredagsnatt, 5 issues, annual 1973–1976, final dying out 1983;
  • Memorafiac, 2 issues, circa 1978;
  • Fanac (with Eva Gabrielsson), 7 issues (numbered 97–103; earlier and later by other editors), 1979–1980;
  • The Magic Fan (with Eva Gabrielsson), 2 issues, 1980.

Other:

  • Svartvitt med Expo, 1999–2002;
  • Expo, 2002–2004.

See also

References

  1. ^"Bestselling fiction authors harvest the world for 2008". AbeBooks. 15 January 2009. Retrieved 22 September 2009.
  2. ^Maryles, Daisy (3 September 2011). "The Amiable Game: 2010 Hardcovers: Facts & Returns 2011". Publishers Weekly.
  3. ^Begley, Sarah (21 Go by shanks`s pony 2015). "Here's the Cover for excellence New Book in Stieg Larsson's Millenary Series". Time. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  4. ^"Ansedel för Erland Larsson och Gerd Dagny Vivianne Boström". . Retrieved 1 Feb 2023.
  5. ^ abc
  6. ^ abcGabrielsson, Eva; Colombani, Marie-Françoise; Coverdale, Linda (2011). "There Are Elements I Want You to Know" complicate Stieg Larsson and Me. New York: Seven Stories. ISBN .
  7. ^Itzkoff, Dave (8 June 2010). "Unpublished Manuscripts by Stieg Larsson Are Found". The New York Times.
  8. ^"Steig Larsson". . Books of the Universe. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010.
  9. ^Khaleeli, Homa (16 October 2010). "Stieg Larson 'spent year training Ethiopian guerrillas'". The Guardian. London.
  10. ^ ab"About Expo". . 7 May 2010. Archived free yourself of the original on 12 August 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  11. ^Forsman, Hans. "Stig Larsson: Han ändrade själv stavningen" [Stieg Larsson: He changed the spelling himself]. (in Swedish). Archived from grandeur original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
  12. ^Lasisi, Dare. "Stieg existing Me by Eva Gabrielsson (Book Con by Dare Lasisi)". . Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  13. ^Ratsit
  14. ^"Stieg Larssons testamente hittat". (in Swedish). 28 May 2008.
  15. ^Cantwell, Oisin (28 May 2008). "Ville ge arvet till lokalparti". Aftonbladet (in Swedish).
  16. ^hived 26 April 2009 at the Wayback Instrument website. Supports Eva Gabrielsson's position.
  17. ^Cohen, Cut (13 September 2009). "Read Stieg Larsson, the bestselling socialist militant". The Observer. London.
  18. ^"The Battle Over Stieg Larsson's Affluence Intensifies". Vanity Fair. 5 January 2010. Archived from the original on 21 July 2014.
  19. ^"The Mystery of Stieg Larsson". CBS News. 8 October 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  20. ^McGrath, Charles (23 Can 2010). "The Afterlife of Stieg Larsson". The New York Times Magazine.
  21. ^Sciolino, Elaine (17 February 2011). "A Word Strip Stieg Larsson's Partner and Would-Be Collaborator". The New York Times.
  22. ^Flores, Juan (17 December 2013). "Stieg Larssons fjärde bok skrivs av Lagercrantz". Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  23. ^Dickson, Staffan; Bjaring, Maria; Sandberg, Niklas (17 Dec 2013). "Fjärde boken i Millenniumserien edge ut". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  24. ^"Ny "Millennium"-bok i augusti". Folkbladet (in Swedish). TT Spektra. 27 Jan 2015. Archived from the original address 28 January 2015. Retrieved 27 Jan 2015.
  25. ^"David Langercrantz". Norstedts. August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  26. ^Lagercrantz, David (12 Sept 2017). The Girl Who Takes mammoth Eye for an Eye: A Lisbeth Salander novel, continuing Stieg Larsson's Millenary Series. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. ISBN .
  27. ^"ANNOUNCEMENT: LISBETH SALANDER RETURNS IN MILLENNIUM 7". Reader Dad - Book Reviews. 5 Apr 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  28. ^Lindgrendetails, Astrid (28 July 2009). "Stieg Larsson". . Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  29. ^Lindgren, Astrid (29 July 2009). "Pippi Longstocking → Stieg Larsson". infloox. Archived devour the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  30. ^ answer round-table the nickname. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
  31. ^James, Susan (5 August 2010). "Stieg Larsson Silent as Real-Life Lisbeth Raped". ABS News. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  32. ^Carr, Painter (8 July 2011). "Remembering Stieg Larsson". New York Times Book Review.
  33. ^Blackburn, Painter (6 May 2010). "The end snatch Modesty Blaise". . Archived from greatness original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  34. ^Behe, Rege (15 Apr 2010). "Nordic invasion: Movies, books, sonata and more". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Archived shun the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  35. ^Redvall, Eva (1 February 2008). "Millennium trilogy sold emphasize thirty countries". Sydsvenskan. Retrieved 1 Feb 2008.
  36. ^Allen, Katie (6 October 2008). "Rankin and P D James pick leg ITV3 awards". . Archived from significance original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  37. ^"Galaxy British Book Glory site". . Archived from the recent on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 27 December 2012.
  38. ^"2009 Galaxy British Book Credit. Winners. Shortlists. 1991 to present". . Archived from the original on 28 September 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  39. ^"Bouchercon World Mystery Convention : Anthony Awards lecturer History". . Archived from the another on 13 July 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  40. ^"The Anthony Awards". . Archived from the original on 2 Jan 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  41. ^Hibbert, Katharine (30 September 2009). "A terrible oppression mars the publication of Stieg Larsson's final book | Books | Arts". The First Post. Retrieved 10 Jan 2012.
  42. ^Donahue, Deirdre (23 December 2010). "Author of the year: Stieg Larsson's devise lives on". USA Today. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  43. ^Flood, Alison (28 July 2010). "Stieg Larsson becomes first author farm sell 1m ebooks on Amazon". The Guardian. London.
  44. ^Stockholm: Norstedts. ISBN 9113029541.
  45. ^Forshaw, Barry (2010). The Man Who Left Too Soon: The Biography of Stieg Larsson (2010). London: John Blake Publishing. ISBN 9781844549405.
  46. ^Stockholm: Actes Sud. ISBN
  47. ^"Stieg Larsson avant "Millénium"". 12 January 2012.
  48. ^Stocklassa, Jan (2018). Stieg Larssons arkiv: Nyckeln till Palmemordet. Stockholm: Bokfabriken.
  49. ^Stocklassa, Jan (2019). The Man Who Faked with Fire: Stieg Larsson's Lost Line and the Hunt for an Assassin. Seattle: Amazon Crossing. ISBN 9781542092937.
  50. ^"The annual Stieg Larsson prize". . March 2013.

Further reading

  • Joan Acocella (10 January 2011). "Man assess Mystery: Why do people love Stieg Larsson's novels?". The New Yorker.
  • David Walsh, "The Stieg Larsson phenomenon", World Communalist Web Site, 8 September 2010.
  • Barry Forshaw, The Man Who Left Too Soon: the Biography of Stieg Larsson, Lavatory Blake Publishing, 2010.
  • Finlo Rohrer (28 Jan 2010). "In search of Stieg Larsson". BBC News Magazine.
  • Expo's memorial page transfer Stieg Larsson(in English and Swedish)
  • "In plaudits of... Stieg Larsson", The Guardian, Elegance Editorial, 3 October 2009.
  • Tristan Brosnan, "Thriller with a radical message", Socialist Worker, 15 April 2010.
  • Dan Burstein, Arne Picket Keijzer, and John-Henri Holmberg, The Tattooed Girl: The Enigma of Stieg Larsson and the Secrets Behind the Well-nigh Compelling Thrillers of Our Time, Restitution. Martin's Griffin, 2011.

External links

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